(b)++DNA+Structure

**DNA Structure**

DNA which stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid is known to be an important part of cells and the knowledge of Biology. Thanks to DNA, living things can utilise their characteristics to their offspring (using proteins) as DNA is the storage of genetic information. DNA basically is in charge of our appearences and characteristics, our DNA or our parents DNA is the reason why we turned out this way, wheter it is the color of out skin or the softness of our hair.

This process can be vizualized with the diagram below:


 * C omplete Biology: page 190 ( Section 11.2 ). **

What this picture basically says is that a living things' characterstics are determined by proteins whose production is controlled by DNA.

//Table 1: Parts of DNA, and explanations// //.// || They are in the shape of a ladder with the bases are the rungs of the ladder. || Nucleotides pairs to each other, but they pair up with their arranged nucleotide. Those sets are Adenine always pairs with Thymine ( A - T ) ( T - A ) Guanine always pairs with cytosine ( G - C ) ( C - G ) || (all the images are from C omplete Biology: page 190 ( Section 11.2 ).
 * Parts || Explanation ||
 * [[image:http://unishanoibloggers.org/kyunghyeahyun/files/2011/10/11.png width="108" height="80" link="http://unishanoibloggers.org/kyunghyeahyun/files/2011/10/11.png"]] || DNA molecule consist of two polymers which are made up of small sub units called 'nucleotides' that are connected to each other in a row. Each nucleotide contains a base and a 'sugar - phosphate backbone' (Pickering). Each nucleotide has three parts: a sugar molecule, a phosphate molecule, and a structure called a nitrogenous base. The nitrogenous base is the part of the nucleotide that carries genetic information.
 * [[image:http://unishanoibloggers.org/kyunghyeahyun/files/2011/10/221.png width="156" height="134" link="http://unishanoibloggers.org/kyunghyeahyun/files/2011/10/221.png"]] || There are four different types of nucleotides:
 * 1) A (adenine)
 * 2) G (guanine)
 * 3) T (thymine)
 * 4) C (cyotsine) ||
 * [[image:http://unishanoibloggers.org/kyunghyeahyun/files/2011/10/33.png width="123" height="184" link="http://unishanoibloggers.org/kyunghyeahyun/files/2011/10/33.png"]]
 * [[image:http://unishanoibloggers.org/kyunghyeahyun/files/2011/10/44-240x300.png width="240" height="300" link="http://unishanoibloggers.org/kyunghyeahyun/files/2011/10/44.png"]] || Physical features cause the ladder to twist around itself called a double helix. ||



This picture is a more realistic picture of the structure and it shows all the nucleotides connected to each other making the ladder. Below is a video explaining DNA structure more clearly:

media type="youtube" key="qy8dk5iS1f0?version=3" height="360" width="640" (DNA)


 * (6) How many different nucleotide molecules are there? List these. **

A DNA molecule might contain million of nucleotides but there are only four different ones (Pickering).
 * Adenine
 * Thymine
 * Guanine
 * Cytosine

(7) **Write a sentence to explain which bases always match up together.**

It is important to know that Adenine always pairs up with Thymine, and guanine always pairs up with cytosine (Pickering).


 * A ==> T**
 * G ==> C**


 * (8) What shape is the DNA molecule (2 special words)? **

The DNA does not usually exist as a single molecule but instead as a pair of molecules held tightly together. These two long strands are joined together as twisted ladders known as "double helix" (Pickering).




 * Works Cited: **