(d)++Making+proteins

Making Proteins

To know what a triplet is, one must know the basic sequence to how a protein is made. the first part to how a protein is made, starts with two DNA strands becoming cloned and leaving the neucelus (this is all in a cell). These DNA strands move to the ribosome and from their make proteins using sub particles from the cytoplasm. To make the protein, their are 20 different types of **amino acids** which in the end form toghether to make a protein (form in a chain). In the DNA there are **triplets,** which carry information so that they can identify the amino acid needed to make the chain. Each of the triplet codes are to identify the next amino acid on the chain, chain which in the end forms a protein (Pickering).In addition, triplet codes are made of 3 chained nucleotides, and these nucleotides choose a type of amino acids. People express this in unit of codon. (from Pickering) media type="youtube" key="rW8NKvQQ8P4?version=3" height="360" width="640" (from [])
 * What is a triplet? **
 * Here is a video on triplets and their coding: **


 * || [[image:05-13.gif]]

(from [])

this is a picture of the idea of the amino acids linking together, they won't look like this, it is just a visual idea. || The DNA cannot leave the nucleus as it was designed that way, but RNA can leave the Nucleus. A strand of DNA is **temporarily** removed from the Chromosome and cloned.This clone has some minor changes in the information, this is to benefit the process of making proteins and this cloned DNA strand is called **RNA.** The RNA, on the other hand, can leave the nucleus and go to a Ribosome (Pickering)."
 * Can DNA leave the nucleus? **

**What is the process and how fast can this process occur?** The process of making a protein takes two main parts, "transcription" (where RNA is made) and "Translation" (Where amino acids are put together). During Transcription, mRNA is made from gene on the DNA. A polyA tail is added to the mRNA after the introns had been removed. After this process the mRna leave the nucleus through the pore to go to the ribosome for the next stage, translation. The mRNA caries the codon with it to the ribosome, the codon is the code what protein you will need and the tRNA will collect amino acids and bring them to the ribosome (Process of Making Protein in a Cell). From here anti-codon is form, the anti-codon bring certain protein to the ribosome. From here anticodon of tRNA and codon of mRNA paired up to and peptidyl catalyzes peptide bond between amino acid (How Codon and Anti-Codon). After this process the polypeptide is release. After this the polypeptide travels through the E.R and Golgi body for modifications and make a protein by connecting multiple polypeptide together .During translation the amino acids are put together to make a chain, this takes a lot of energy. The process happens very fast. 20 amino acids can be put together in one second (20 amino acids equal a protein).

media type="youtube" key="SMtWvDbfHLo" height="480" width="853" Transcription is the process by which the information in DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA) for protein productio Below is a diagram on various processes involving nucleic acids (Section 11.3) and further below that there is a video showing how the process of making proteins is in animation form:

(From Pickering, Section 11.3)
 * Summary of Replication, Transcription and Translation: **

Based on the above diagram, it is important to know that:
 * Replication makes a DNA copy, using DNA.
 * 'Transcription makes mRNA, using DNA' (Pickering).
 * 'Translation makes protein, using mRNA' (Pickering).

media type="youtube" key="983lhh20rGY" height="315" width="420"
 * The process of making protein:**

**Work Cited**
"DNA Transcripition." //DNA Interactive: Discovering the DNA Structure and beyond//. DNA Interactive, 22 Mar. 2010. Web. 27 Oct. 2011. .

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"Triplet Code." //DNA Interactive: Discovering the DNA Structure and beyond//. DNA Interactive, 22 Mar. 2010. Web. 27 Oct. 2011. .

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